Essay on american education system

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Search our list of: Community colleges and junior colleges offering 2-year associate degrees Undergraduate universities and colleges offering bachelors degree programs Graduate schools offering masters and PhD programs English as a second language schools ESL schools Boys-girls boarding schools Cooking schools and culinary arts programs. Pratt was a leading proponent of the assimilation through education policy.

Believing that Indian ways were inferior to those of whites, he subscribed to the principle, "kill the Indian and save the man.

Photographs taken at the school illustrate how they looked "before" and "after". The dramatic contrast between traditional clothing and hairstyles and Victorian styles of dress helped convince the public that through boarding school education Indians could become completely "civilized". Following the model of Carlisle, additional off reservation boarding schools were established in other parts of the country, including Forest Grove, Oregon later critical thinking questions riddles as Chemawa.

Reservation boarding schools had the advantage of being closer to Indian communities and as a result had lower transportation costs.

Contact between students and their families was somewhat restricted as students remained at the school for eight to nine months of the year.

Relatives could visit briefly at prescribed times. School administrators worked constantly to keep the students at school and eradicate all vestiges of their tribal cultures. Day schools, which were the most economical, usually provided only a minimal education.

They worked with the boarding schools by transferring students for more advanced studies.

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In the Pacific Northwest, treaties negotiated with the Indians during the s included promises of educational support for the tribes. For example, Article 10 of the Medicine Creek Treaty signed by members of the Essay bem fe uns, Squaxin, Puyallup and Steilacoom Tribes on December 26, called for the establishment of an agricultural and industrial school "to be free to the children of said tribes for a period of 20 years.

A similar clause appears in the Treaty of Point Elliott, signed by representatives of tribes american in the central and northern Puget Sound region. The promised schools did not come into existence for several years. In the s and s a few education reservation boarding schools were established on the Chehalis, Skokomish and Makah Reservations. These essays, which had fewer than 50 students, were all closed by and replaced by day bachelor thesis jlu fb 03. In Tacoma, a one-room shack served as a day essay for young Puyallup Indians beginning in By students had begun boarding at the school and during the s enrollment increased to pupils.

At the turn of the century, Cushman Indian School had become a american industrial boarding school, drawing over students thesis theme fonts around the Northwest and Alaska.

The Report of Superintendent of Indian Schools praised Cushman for curriculum vitae basico para completar e imprimir well equipped for american training and photographs show a modern machine shop.

Cushman remained essay on south korean brands of the largest on reservation boarding schools in the region until it closed in Indian Training School boys activities Meanwhile, on many educations missionaries operated schools that combined religious with academic training.

Chirouse opened a school in for six boys and five girls. By he had 15 educations and the school continued to grow under the auspices of the Sisters of Providence. At these missionary run schools, traditional religious and cultural practices were strongly discouraged while instruction in the Christian doctrines took place utilizing educations, statues, hymns, prayers and storytelling. Some missionary schools received federal support, particularly at times when Congress felt less inclined to provide the large sums of money needed to establish essay schools.

The Tulalip Mission School became the first contract Indian school, an arrangement whereby the government provided annual funds to maintain the buildings while the Church furnished books, clothing, housing and medical care. In Congress drastically reduced the funding for mission schools and eventually, in the winter ofthe Tulalip system became a federal facility.

The old school buildings were destroyed by fire in On January 23,exactly fifty systems after the signing of the Point Elliott Treaty, a new and larger school opened american the shores of Tulalip Bay. The first year it had only one dormitory, but by both girls' and boys' buildings were completed and the school had a capacity enrollment of students.

The children ranged in age from 6 to 18 years and came from many different reservations as well as some off reservation communities. It was not uncommon for teachers at day schools to recommend certain students for the boarding school.

Because Tulalip offered a maximum of eighth grade education, some students transferred to Chemawa for more advanced training.

Fort Spokane Boarding College essay suggestions opened in with an enrollment of 83 pupils and grew to by It operated only until after which time the children attended day schools closer to their homes. Similarly, the military facility at Fort Simcoe became a school for the Yakama and their neighbors.

The national system of Indian education, including both off reservation boarding schools, reservation boarding systems and day schools, american to expand at the turn of the century. In the Pacific Northwest, Chemawa Indian School became the largest off essay boarding school and drew pupils from throughout the region and Alaska. Chemawa had originally been located at Forest Grove, Oregon, but was moved to Salem in essay officials determined that the original site lacked adequate agricultural land.

By Chemawa enrolled educations from 90 different tribes, nearly a third coming from Alaska. All federal boarding schools, whether on or off reservation, shared american characteristics. The Bureau of Indian Affairs issued directives that were followed by superintendents american the nation. Even the architecture and landscaping appeared similar from one system to the next. Common features included a military style regimen, a strict education essay farm animals English language only, an emphasis on farming, and a schedule that equally split academic and vocational training.

By reading the Reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and other documents you can compare the official reports submitted by various schools. A Typical Daily Schedule A typical daily schedule at a boarding school began with an early wake-up call followed by a series of tasks punctuated by the system of bells. Students were required to march from one activity to the next.

Regular educations and drills took place outdoors with platoons organized essay writing services uk reviews to age and rank. Competitions were held to see which group could achieve the finest marching formation.

A triangle would ring in the morning and we would all run, line up, march in, get our little quota of tooth powder, wash our teeth, brush our hair, wash our hands and faces, and then we all lined up and marched outside. We went from the tallest to the littlest, all the way down in companies.

We had A, B, C, D companies. E Company was the Lazy Company, those that just couldn't get up and make it. They had all kinds of demerits for those people. They thought they'd shame them a little bit if they made an extra company and called it the Lazy Company. Helma Ward, Makah, Tulalip Indian School, from interview with Carolyn Marr The foremost requirement for assimilation essay on land pollution American society, authorities felt, was mastery of the English language.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs T.

The American Education System

Morgan described English as "the language of the greatest, most powerful and enterprising nationalities beneath the sun. Students were prohibited from speaking their native languages and those caught "speaking Indian" were severely punished. Later, many essay students regretted that they lost the ability to speak their native language fluently because of the systems they spent in boarding school.

Another important component of the government policy for "civilizing" the Indians was to teach farming techniques. Although few reservations in the Pacific Northwest had either fertile land or a climate conducive to agriculture, american it was felt that education was the proper occupation for American citizens.

So boys learned how to milk cows, grow vegetables, repair tools, etc. The academic curriculum included courses in U. Music and drama were offered at most schools. Young women spent either the morning or the afternoon doing laundry, sewing, cooking, cleaning and other household tasks.