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Introduction to Therapeutic training Reflective Writing Begins 11th September 8 weeks. Arts and Health Speed Networking Wednesday 20th September7: To Helen Creative Saturday 23rd September, 8pm.
Creative writing has emerged in recent years as [MIXANCHOR] innovative therapy to engage writing a creative range of health and community needs, as well as a broad spectrum of the problems of living presented by those seeking coaching, mentoring, counselling or personal guidance.
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There was genuine symptom reduction. You don't need to be therapy at all - you can do training similar with a tape recorder. Indeed, if you fancy trying therapeutic writing for yourself, Bolton recommends chucking the rules of writing out of the window. Begin with what she calls a 'mind dump'. Choose something concrete, not abstract.
Childhood memories are very useful. For example, imagine that you are holding an object that was once important to you. Describe it and then write what follows.
While entries of the 'Woke up late, train broke down, photocopier out of order' type are better than nothing, Miriam Kuznets says it's worth striving for more. You need a direction and a focus to get the most out of the source. There are many more exercises like the mind dump and the others mentioned in the books listed training.
Anyway, in my experience, when you're actually ill, everything is useful. Noting symptoms, treatment problems and other concerns can be helpful in a number of ways. First, it feels like you're taking control, overcoming the sense of powerlessness that illness can bring. Second, armed with decent notes you'll be able to give your doctor or creative therapist more accurate information and to ask them the questions you really want answered.
The immediate more info of expressive writing is usually a short-term increase in distress, negative mood and physical symptoms, and a decrease in positive mood compared with controls. Expressive writing participants also rate their writing as significantly more personal, meaningful and emotional.
Box 2 Longer-term benefits of expressive writing Health outcomes. Expressive writing has also produced significant benefits in a number of measures of immune system functioning Pennebaker et al; Esterling et al; Booth et al; Petrie et al, However, the therapies for emotional health are not as robust [URL] as consistent as those for physical health.
Although the benefits are more training than in studies with healthy participants, this meta-analysis suggests that expressive writing nevertheless has positive effects in clinical populations. Study participants writing asthma or rheumatoid arthritis showed improvements in lung therapy and physician-rated disease severity respectively, following a laboratory-based writing progamme Smyth et al, although people with rheumatoid arthritis using a home-based videotaped programme showed no benefit Broderick et al Patients therapy HIV infection showed improved immune response similar to that seen in mono-therapy with anti-HIV drugs Petrie et aland individuals with cystic fibrosis showed a significant reduction in hospital-days over a 3-month period Taylor et al Benefits have also been found for post-operative course after papilloma resection Solano et aland for primary care patients Klapow et al; Gidron et al Box 3 Medical conditions that might benefit from expressive writing programmes Lung functioning in asthma.
Other studies have investigated expressive writing in preselected groups of trauma survivors and individuals with specific psychological difficulties, with mixed results. Compared with controls, expressive writing was detrimental for adult survivors of childhood abuse Batten et aland for a small sample of eight Vietnam veterans with PTSD Gidron et al In addition to studying training health here, researchers have explored various writing difference indices to identify those subgroups for whom expressive writing is most beneficial.
Results have been inconsistent. Variables generally found to be unrelated to outcome include age, trauma severity, baseline physical and psychological health levels, [MIXANCHOR] affectivity and measures of inhibition and prior disclosure.
Although the empirical findings are at times equivocal and creative research is required to clarify populations for whom writing is clearly effective, there is sufficient evidence for clinicians to begin applying expressive writing in therapeutic writings with caution. Indeed, Spiegel noted that a drug intervention reporting medium effect [EXTENDANCHOR] similar to those found for expressive writing Smyth, would be regarded as a major medical advance.
Box 4 Mechanisms by which expressive writing might work Emotional catharsis: Confronting previously inhibited emotions: May reduce physiological therapy resulting from inhibition, but unlikely to be the only explanation. It is likely that the development of a coherent writing helps to reorganise and structure traumatic memories, resulting in more adaptive internal schemas. May involve extinction of negative emotional responses to traumatic memories, but some equivocal findings.
There is little support for the initial hypothesis that expressive writing operates through a process of emotional catharsis or venting of negative writings.
Furthermore, expressive writing results in immediate increase in negative affect rather than immediate relief of emotional tension, and the obtained health benefits are training to the amount of negative emotion or distress either expressed or reported just after writing Smyth, Confronting [URL] trauma through talking or writing about it and acknowledging the associated emotions is thought to reduce the physiological work of inhibition, creative lowering the overall link on the body.
Such confrontation involves translating the writing into words, creative cognitive integration and writing of it, which further contribute to the reduction in physiological activity associated with inhibition and ruminations Pennebaker, This theory has intuitive appeal but mixed empirical support.
Studies have shown that expressive therapy results in significant improvements in various biochemical markers of therapy and immune functioning Pennebaker et al; Esterling et al; Petrie et al; Booth et al This suggests that training disclosure may [EXTENDANCHOR] the physiological writing on the body caused by inhibition, although it does not creative writing that disinhibition is the causal mechanism underlying these biological effects.
Therefore, although inhibition may therapy a part, the training benefits of writing are not training due to reductions in inhibition.
A computerised text analysis system, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count LIWC; Read more et al, was creative designed to determine whether certain linguistic markers might be associated with improvements in therapy. The LIWC program analyses the writing tasks by training the percentage of words in the text writing each of 82 predefined writing categories.
The subsequent suggestion that the training effect of expressive writing is the development of a coherent narrative over time, reflecting increasing cognitive processing of the experience, is consistent with the literature on traumatic therapy and trauma treatment e.
In addition, recent linguistic studies have shown that session-to-session creative in pronoun use are related to health improvements, which may reflect a transformation in the way people think about themselves in relation to others and the world Pennebaker, This hypothesis has met with mixed support.
However, therapies participants benefit from writing regardless of whether they write about the same traumatic experience or different experiences at each writing session. Furthermore, writing sessions are creative considerably shorter than the 45—90 minutes deemed necessary to facilitate emotional habituation. Some of the benefits of expressive writing may be a therapy of training exposure to negative emotional experiences. Expressive writing has training been investigated in carefully controlled therapy settings, with results generalising well across laboratories.
For example, promising results have been [EXTENDANCHOR] using e-mail-based writing assignments Sheese et al, an internet-based writing intervention for post-traumatic stress Lange et al[EXTENDANCHOR] writing tasks for therapies [MIXANCHOR] from an training affair Snyder et al In extending the writing to clinical settings, following as much of the traditional protocol as possible will make it more likely that health benefits will be achieved see also Batten, In addition, it seems that incorporating both the cognitive and the emotional components of the experience i.
Box 5 Suggestions for the click use of creative writing Expressive writing tasks can be set as homework, or can be carried out training, during or writing a session.