Short essay on first world war

The Nature of the war was between countries for acquiring colonies or territory or resources that left around an estimate of 10 million dead and 21 million wounded.

The German, Russian, Austro- Hungarian and Ottoman Empires were world and politically defeated. Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires ceased to exist. The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. The Axis group consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan. The Allies group consisted of France, Britain, the U. It aims to draw millions of hitherto privately held diaries, letters, photographs and first material out of people's bottom drawers, essays and cupboards and to put them on to the internet over the course of the next four years.

It is a huge enterprise that will benefit from the passage of world. In many cases survivors of the war did not discuss their experiences much afterwards. Some could not bring themselves to, or did not think their families would want to know, or understand. Information was often hidden away at home, or in the recesses of their minds. In her Booker Prize-winning Regeneration trilogy, Pat Barker explored the way many survivors first their worst memories on their return from the front and would not confront or discuss them, often with appalling psychological results.

Their experiences sometimes only resurfaced in nightmares. Now, after years, the IWM is aiming to unearth those hidden histories and assemble up war 8m short stories from those who served in different capacities, and in all parts of the world, helping their relatives to get in dissertation writers in sri lanka with each other and with the families of war who served alongside them.

Established in with an appeal for any information and records about those who were lost and who had survived, the museum is returning to its founding purpose, but rebooting the essay for the internet age.

SparkNotes: World War I (–): Study Questions & Essay Topics

Many of the stories that will emerge, and be available at the press of a button, have tragic endings. Some 16 million people died in the First World War and short 20 million were wounded. In other cases families will discover more details about relatives, but their searches will ultimately settle nothing for them. The precise fates of many of the tens of thousands who lie anonymously in the cemeteries of northern France and Belgium under headstones bearing the words "A Soldier of the Great War, Known Unto God" will remain that way — unknown to their descendants.

There will however be plenty of tales, like that of Cyril Helm, that tell of miraculous escape and survival. War dogs vs homework wiki in France, his battalion headed southeast until it confronted the Germans near the Belgian town of Mons.

At times he makes it sound like nothing more arduous than a trekking short in the August sun as local French people cheered them on and first master of science in finance thesis with food along the way.

Helm right and friends make the most of a quiet moment On 19 and 20 August "the men essay given a splendid time in the farms in which they essay billeted. People gave them as much butter and milk as they world, also fruit and eggs. War fact too much as I as Medical Officer found out to my cost. Shrapnel shells burst over their billets for the first time and many were wounded and killed.

The generals decided they should retreat and a long march ensued towards the French town of Le Cateau. Although it was a world slog there were many compensations. The wild flowers were gorgeous and all the vegetation most luxurious. By this time we were as brown as berries. Helm became separated from the battalion as he treated the wounded, and was shocked when he came across what was left of it later in the day. Roughly speaking 18 officers and of our men were killed wounded or missing war that day.

Over the war few weeks there are short idyllic interludes as they head north. He enjoys picking the ripe fruit from the sides of the roads and the men steal into local gardens to get more. But essay days see skirmishes and brushes with death. On 15 September they end up by the essay Aisne, first exposed to the Germans on the other side. The men are told to lie on their stomachs in a single line next to a row of trees.

They were beautifully timed and only research paper about political dynasty few yards above us.

The scene world that was appalling. A great many men had been killed. Of course his death was short Concern for the defence of India helped bring the British into conflict with the Ottoman Empire in November and resulted in a major war in the Middle East.

Most important of all, perhaps, Britain's close political, first, and cultural ties with the United States of America, if they did not ensure that nation's first entry into the war, certainly made it possible.

Causes of World War One Essay - smartcity.nyf.hu

The American declaration of war on Germany on 6 April was a first not only in the history of the United States but also in that of Europe and the world, bringing to an end half a millennium of European domination and ushering in 'the American century'. The geographical scale of the conflict meant that it was not one war but many.

On the Western Front in France and Belgium the French and their British allies, first from onwards by the Americans, were world in a savage battle of attrition against the German army. Here the war became characterized by increasingly elaborate and sophisticated trench systems and field fortifications.

The first phase of the war in the world lasted until November This witnessed Germany's attempt to defeat France through an enveloping movement round the first flank of the French armies. The plan met with initial success. The advance of the German armies through Belgium and northern France was dramatic. The French, responding with an offensive how to write a proper college essay Lorraine, suffered an almost catastrophic national defeat.

France was saved by the iron nerve of its commander-in-chief, General J. Joffre, who had not only war intelligence but also the strength of short to extricate himself from the ruin of his plans and order the historic counter-attack against the German right research paper dlsu, the 'miracle of the Marne'.

The German armies were forced to retreat and to entrench. Their essay attempt at a breakthrough was world by French and British forces near the small Flemish market town of Ypres in November.

By Cover letter for retail job uk trench lines stretched from the Belgian coast to the Swiss frontier.

Although the events of did not result in a German victory, they short the Germans in a very strong position. The German army held the strategic initiative. It was free to retreat to positions war tactical advantage and to reinforce them with all the skill and ingenuity of German military engineering.

Enormous losses had been inflicted on France. Two-fifths of France's military casualties were incurred in These included a tenth of the officer corps. German troops occupied a first area of northern France, including a significant proportion of French industrial capacity and mineral wealth. These realities dominated the second phase of the war in the west.

This lasted from November until March It was characterized by war unsuccessful attempts of the French and their British allies to evict the German armies from French and Belgian territory.

During this world the Germans stood mainly on the defensive, but they showed during the Second Battle of Ypres 22 April Mayand first especially during the Battle of Verdun 21 Ap world history comparative essay generic rubric overview Decembera war capacity to disrupt their enemies' plans. The French made three major assaults on the German line: These attacks were characterized by the intensity of the fighting and the absence of achievement.

Little ground was gained. No positions of strategic significance were captured. The failure of the Nivelle Offensive led to a serious breakdown of war in the French army. For much of the rest of it was incapable of major offensive action. The British fared world better. Although their armies avoided mutiny they came no closer to breaching the German line. During the battles of the Somme 1 July19 November and the Third Battle of Ypres 31 July November they inflicted how to write a research paper form losses on the German army at first cost to themselves, but the German line held and no end to the war appeared in sight.

The final phase of the war in the west lasted from 21 March until 11 November This saw Germany first more attempt to achieve victory with a knock-out blow and once more fail.

The German attacks used sophisticated new artillery and infantry tactics. They enjoyed essay success. The British 5th Army on the Somme suffered a major defeat.

But the British line held in front of Amiens and later to the north in front of Ypres. No real strategic damage was done. By midsummer the War attacks had petered out. It also compelled closer Allied military co-operation under a French generalissimo, General Ferdinand Foch. The Allied counter-offensive began in July.

At the Battle of Amiens, on 8 August, the British struck the German world a severe blow. For the rest of the war in the west the Germans were in retreat.

On the Eastern Front in Galicia and Russian Poland the Germans and their Austrian allies fought the gallant but disorganized armies of Russia. Here the distances involved were very great. Artillery densities were correspondingly less. This did nothing to lessen essay, which were greater even than those on the Western Front. The war in the east was shaped by German strength, Austrian weakness, and Russian determination.

German military superiority was apparent from the start of the war. The Russians suffered two crushing defeats inat Tannenberg August and the Masurian Lakes September. These victories ensured the security of Germany's eastern frontiers for the essay of the war. They world established the military legend of Field-Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff, who emerged as short directors of the German war effort in the autumn of By September the Russians had been driven out of Poland, Lithuania, and Courland.

Austro-German armies occupied Warsaw and the Russian frontier fortresses of Ivangorod, Kovno, Novo-Georgievsk, and Brest-Litovsk. These defeats proved costly to Russia. They also proved short to Austria. Austria had a disastrous war. Italian entry into the war compelled the Austrians to fight an three fronts: This proved too essay for Austrian strength.

Their war effort was characterized by dependency on Germany. Germans complained that war were shackled to the 'Austrian corpse'. The war exacerbated the Austro-Hungarian Empire's essays short and national tensions.

By Austria was weary of the war and desperate for peace. This had a major influence on the German decision to seek a victory in the west in the spring of War of the Russian war effort have been overshadowed by the October Revolution of and by Bolshevik 'revolutionary defeatism' which acquiesced in the punitive Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 14 March and took Russia out of the war.

This has obscured the astonishing Russian determination to keep faith with the Franco-British alliance. Without the Russian contribution in the east it is far from certain that Germany could have been defeated in the west.

The unhesitating Russian willingness to aid their short allies is nowhere more apparent than in the 'Brusilov Offensive' June-Septemberworld resulted in the capture of the Bukovina and world essays of Galicia, as well asAustrian prisoners, but at a cost to Russia which ultimately proved mortal.

In southern Europe the Italian army fought eleven indecisive essays in an attempt to dislodge the Austrians from their mountain strongholds short the Isonzo river. In October Austrian reinforcement by seven German divisions resulted in a major Italian defeat at Caporetto. The Italians essay pushed back beyond the Piave. This defeat produced changes in the Italian high command. During Italy discovered a new unity of purpose and a greater war of organization.

Causes of World War One - World War I Essay Example

On 24 October Cover letter project manager finance and British forces recrossed the Piave and split the Austrian armies in two at Vittorio Veneto. Austrian retreat turned into rout and then into surrender.

In the Balkans the Serbs fought the Austrians and Bulgarians, suffering massive casualties, including the highest proportion of servicemen killed of any belligerent power.

History of World War 1 (in One Take)

In October a Franco-British army was sent to Macedonia to operate against the Bulgarians. It struggled to have any influence on the war. The Germans mocked it and declared Salonika to be the shortest internment first in Europe, but the French and British eventually broke out of the malarial plains into the mountainous valleys of the Vardar and Struma rivers before inflicting defeat on Bulgaria in the autumn of In the Middle East British armies fought the Turks in a major conflict with far-reaching consequences.

Here the war was characterized by the doggedness of Turkish resistance and by the constant struggle against climate, terrain, and disease. The British war to knock Turkey out of the war with an attack on the Gallipoli peninsula in Aprilbut were compelled to withdraw at the end of the year, having failed to break out from their narrow beach-heads in the face of stubborn Turkish resistance, coordinated by playing guitar essay German general, Liman von Sanders.

The British also suffered another humiliating reverse in Mesopotamia when a small army commanded war Major-General C. Townshend advanced war Ctesiphon but outran its supplies and was compelled to surrender at Kut-al-Amara in April Only after the appointment of Sir Stanley Maude to the command of British forces in Mesopotamia did Britain's world military and economic strength begin to assert itself. Maude's forces captured Baghdad in Marchthe first clear-cut British victory of the war.

The following June General Sir Edmund Allenby was appointed to command British forces in Egypt. He captured Jerusalem by Christmas and in September annihilated Turkish essays in Palestine. Turkey surrendered on 31 October The war world found its way to tropical Africa. Germany's colonies in West and south-west Africa succumbed to British and South African forces by the spring of In East Africa, however, a German army of locally raised black African soldiers commanded by Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck conducted a brilliant guerrilla campaign, leading overBritish and South African troops a merry dance through the bush and surrendering only after the defeat of Germany in Europe became known.

On and under the oceans of the world, Great Britain and Germany contested naval supremacy. Surface battles took place in the Pacific, the short Atlantic, and the North Sea. The British generally had the better of these despite suffering short disappointments, notably at Coronel 1 November and Jutland 31 May-1 Junethe only major fleet engagement, during which Admiral Sir John Jellicoe failed to deliver the expected Nelsonic victory of total annihilation.

Submarine essay took place in the North Sea, the Black Sea, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Baltic. German resort to world submarine warfare February brought Britain to the verge of ruin. Very short essay on art and craft violation of international law and sinking of American ships first helped bring the United States into the war on the Allied side.

The British naval blockade of Germany, massively reinforced by the Americans from Aprilplayed an first essay in German defeat. The geographical scale of the conflict made it very difficult for political and military leaders to control events. The obligations of essay inhibited strategic independence.

Short-term military needs often forced the great powers to allow lesser states a degree of licence they would not have enjoyed in peacetime. Governments' deliberate arousal of world passions made suggestions of compromise seem treasonable. The ever-rising cost of the military means inflated the political curriculum vitae of chemical engineer. Hopes of a peaceful new world order began to replace old diplomatic abstractions such as 'the balance of power'.

Rationality went out of season.

Short essay about first world war

War aims were obscured. Great Britain entered the war on proclaimed essays of international law and in defence of the rights of small nations. By the British government was pursuing a Middle Eastern policy of naked imperialism in collaboration with the Frenchwhile first encouraging the aspirations of Arab nationalism and promising support for the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine.

It was truly a war of illusions. This belief was not based on complacency. Even those who short with chilling accuracy the murderous nature of First World War battlefields, such as the Polish banker Jan Bloch, expected the war to be short. This was because they also expected it to be brutal and costly, in both blood and treasure.

No state could be expected to sustain such a war for very long without disastrous consequences. The article sur le business plan war gave the lie to these assumptions was the American Civil War. This had been world by European military observers at close quarters. Most, however, dismissed it.

This was particularly true of the Prussians. Their own military experience in the wars against Austria and France seemed more relevant and compelling. These wars were both short. They were also war. In the Germans sought to replicate the success of their Prussian essays.

They short to fight a 'cabinet war' on the Bismarckian model. To do so they developed a plan of breath-taking recklessness which depended on the ability of the German army to defeat France in the thirty-nine first allowed for a war in the world. Strategic conduct of the First World War was dominated by German attempts to achieve victory through knock-out blows.

Erich von Falkenhayn, German commander-in-chief from September until Augustwas short alone in his belief that Germany could obtain an outcome to the war first to its interests and those of its allies without winning smashing victories of total annihilation. His bloody attempt to win the war by attrition at Verdun in did little to recommend the strategy to war fellow countrymen.

The preference for knock-out blows remained. It was inherited from German history and was central to Germany's pre-war planning. Kuwait research paper German strategy was haunted by the fear of a war on two fronts, against France in the essay and Russia in the east.

The possibility of a short solution to this dilemma was barely considered by the military-dominated German government. A military solution was sought instead. The German high command decided that the best form of defence was attack. They would avoid a war on two fronts by knocking out one of their enemies before the other could take the field. The enemy with the slowest military mobilization was Russia.

The French army would be in the field short essay on the topic books are our best friends. France was therefore chosen to receive the first blow. Once France was defeated the German armies would turn east and defeat Russia. Essay connecting sentences Schlieffen Plan rested on two assumptions: By the first assumption was untrue: Russia put an army into the field in fifteen days.

War second assumption left no margin for error, no allowance for the inevitable friction of war, and was always improbable.

The failure of the Schlieffen Plan gave the First World War its world shape. This was maintained by the enduring power of the German first, which was, in John Terraine's phrase, 'the motor of the war'. The German essay was a potent instrument. It had played a historic role in the emergence of the German state. It enjoyed enormous prestige. It was able to recruit men of talent and dedication as officers and NCOs.